Expression of Ability and Willingness

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1. Ability
Expression of Ability adalah Ekspresi yang digunakan jika kita ingin mengungkapkan dan menyatakan tentang kemampuan.

~Asking ability
Asking ability adalah pertanyaan yang digunakan untuk mengecek/memastikan kemampuan seseorang.
Pola kalimat yang digunakan : (Can+S+V1+O+adv+?)

Contoh :
a. Can you…?
b. Do you know how to…?
c. Do you think you can…?
d. Do you know anything about…?
e. Do you have the experience or ability to…?
f. Can you drive?
g. Can she swim very well?
i. Can he ride a horse?

~Expressing Ability :
Expressing ability adalah ekspresi yang digunakan jika kita ingin mengungkapkan dan menyatakan tenang kemampuan.
Pola kalimat yang digunakan : (S+Can+V1+O+adv)

Contoh :
a. I can…
b. I am able to…
c. I know how to…
d. I feel capable of…
e. I might be able to…
f. (Yes), no problem…
g. I would say I am capable of…
h. (I think) I have the qualification or experience or ability to…

Contoh dialog :
Beni : "Can you drive?"
Angga : "I can drive, but I'm not good at it."
Beni : "Be careful when on the road!"
Angga : "Yes, I will always be careful."

Expressing Unwillingnes :
Expressing unwillingnes adalah ungkapan yang digunakan untuk mengatakan/mengungkapkan ketidakmauan.
Pola kalimat yang digunakan : (S+won't+V1+O+adv)

Contoh :
a. I won't send the letter tomorrow.
b. She won't come soon.
c. He won't give you the book.

Contoh dialog :
Sandra : "Will you send the letter tomorrow?"
Aninda : " I won't send the letter tomorrow. Maybe next week."
Sandra : "Okay. I wait."
Aninda : "Okay."

Untuk rumus lebih lengkapnya simak penjelasan berikut ini:

A. Ability and Disability/Incapability

    Ability in Indonesian means kemampuan. While disability/ incapability means ketidakmampuan.

♣Asking & Expressing Ability and Disability

•Sentences of asking ability have several patterns, that is

1. Can + Subject + V1 + O + adv + ?

Can you ride a horse?

Can she drive a car?

2. To be + S + able + to V1 + O + adv + ?

Are you able to ride a horse?

Are he able to drive a car?

3. To be + S + capable of + V1+ing + O + ?

Are you capable of riding a horse?

Are she capable of driving a car?

•Expressing ability, if you can do what someone ask, then you answer

1. Yes, I can ...

2. I am able to ...

3. I am capable of ...

Example :

1. Yes, I horse ride a horse.

2. I am able to drive a car.

3. She is capable of swimming.

• Asking Disability similar with Asking Ability, the different is in the respond, that is :
1. No, I can't ...
2. I am not able to ...
3. He is not capable of ...
Example :
1. No, I can't drive a car.
2. I am not able to swim.
3. He is not capable of riding a horse.

♣Example :

Ria : "Look! That boy can ride on a single wheeled-bicycle. Can you do it?"
Vito : "No, I can't, but I can make acrobatic moves with a bicycle.

B. Willingness and Unwillingness
    Willingness ini Indonesian means kemauan. While Unwillingness means ketidakmauan.
♣ Asking & Expressing Willingness and Unwillingness
• Sentences of asking Willingness and Unwillingness is same and have several patterns, that is :
1. Will + S + V1 + O + adv + ?
Will you send the letter tomorrow ?
Will she come soon?
Will he give you the book?
2. To be + S + willing to + V1 + O + adv + ?
Are you willing to swim with me tomorrow?
Are he willing to give you the book
3. Would + S + (like to) + V1 + O + adv + ?
Would you like to swim with me this evening?
Would you like to send the letter?
• Expressing Willingness
1. S + will + V1 + O + adv
Example :
I will give you the book.
I will send it tomorrow.
She will come soon.
2. S + to be + willing to + V1 + O + adv
Example :
I am willing to swim with you this evening.
She is willing to give you special present.
3. S + would/ would like to + V1 + O + adv
I would like to send the letter this afternoon.
He would come soon.
Secara umum, before say willingness, preceded by "Yes".
Example :
Yes, I will send it tomorrow.
• Expressing Unwillingness, the patterns is same with Expressing Willingness, it's just added the word '' not '' before/ after the modal of willingness.
Example :
1. I will not send it tomorrow.
2. She is not willing to come this evening.
3. He is would not to give you the book.
4. I would not like to come tomorrow.
Generally speaking, before say unwillingness preceded by apologizing ( Sorry), and after say unwillingness preceded by reason.

♣Example dialog from book

Winda : "I'm tired. Will you print this report, please?"
Sardi : "Sorry, Win. I'm on my way to buy lunch."
Winda : "Will you buy me one too?"
Sardi : "Sure."
Winda : "Thanks"
Sardi : "OK"

Exercise: 

Choose the correct answer!

Nadine : Besides English, what language can you speak?
Indy : ____________________
1. The suitable expression to complete the dialogue is …
A. I can speak Javanese fluently
B. I could speak Javanese fluently
C. I want to speak Javanese fluently
D. I will speak Javanese fluently

Ery : __________________
Kevin : Yes, I could play the piano since I was four.

2. The suitable expression to complete the dialogue is …
A. Can you teach me playing piano?
B. Can you buy the piano?
C. Can you play the piano?
D. You are great pianist

Complete the dialogue below (for questions number 3 and 4)
Andy : Can you explain me about the process of extraction in the laboratory?
Dony : Yes, no problem.
Andy : Do you have experience to lead the physics seminar?
Dony : No, I have no experience to lead physics seminar.
3.  Based on the dialogue above, what kind of expression Andy used?
A. Expression of ability
B. Expression of like
C. Expression of annoyance
D. Expression of surprise


4. The underlined word has similar meaning with ....
A. Ascent
B. Rear
C. Assist
D. Preside

Dewi : Can you help me to lift this heavy table?
Dena : I am sorry, I am not able to lift it in that way. It is too heavy for me.

5. The underlined sentence shows . . . .
A. Surprise
B. Incapability
C. Capability
D. Like