Greeting Card Created by 8th Graders

Salah satu materi yang ada di kelas 8 adalah greeting card.

Karena pada saat pembahasan materi greeting card mendekati hari guru, maka tema tugas greeting cardnya teacher's day.

Berikut ini hasil karya murid²:

Greeting card siswa Emtessa kelas 8E dan 8F tahun pelajaran  2020/2021

Greeting card siswa Emtessa kelas 8F,G,H,I,J tahun pelajaran 2021/2022

Tugas Video Bahasa Inggris KD 4.1 Expression of Asking for and Giving Attention, Checking for Understanding, Showing Apprecitation/Compliment, Asking for and Giving Opinion

Berikut ini beberapa contoh Tugas Bahasa Inggris Video Conversation KD 4.1 murid kelas 8 tahun pelajaran 2021/2022. 

Semoga video ini bisa jadi referensi   meskipun belum sempurna. Mohon dimaklumi karena ada beberapa pengucapan dan penggunaan kata ataupun grammar yang kurang tepat. Namanya juga masih belajar jadi ya wajarlah kalau ada salah.

1. Afina dan Airin (kelas 8H)

    Expression of Asking for and Giving Opinion

2. Alfinda Zahra & Amrina R (kelas 8J)

Expression of Asking for and Giving Opinion

3. Nita Novia dan Najwa  (Kelas 8I)

Expression of Asking for and Giving Opinion

4. Azriel (kelas 8G)

Expression of Asking for and Giving Attention

5. Attar (kelas 8i)

Expression of Asking for and Giving Opinion

6. Muhammad Putra Darmawan (kelas 8G)

Expression of Asking for and Giving Opinion

7. Rizka Aura Kamila (Kelas 8J)

Expression of Asking for and Giving Opinion

.

 8. Nadhifah Aura Putri (Kelas 8H)

Expression of Asking for and Giving Opinion

Video Materi Expression of Obligation, Prohibition and Suggesion (by Elyana)

 Materi Bahasa Inggris Kelas 8 Semester Gasal

Bagi murid yang sudah nonton tolong tulis nama di kolom komentar ya untuk tambahan nilai.

Jika ada materi atau penyampaian yg salah  dalam video ini mohon maaf dan tolong kasih tahu saya ya..

Thanks in advance 

Video Materi Expression of Willingness (by Elyana)

 Materi Bahasa Inggris Kelas 8 Semester Gasal. 

Video ini saya buat khusus untuk murid saya murid emtessa kelas 8F,G,H,I,J tahun pelajaran 2021/2022

Bagi yang sudah nonton video ini tolong tulis namamu di kolom komentar untuk tambahan nilai.

Jika ada materi atau penyampaian yg salah  dalam video ini mohon maaf dan tolong kasih tahu saya ya..

Thanks in advance 

Video Materi Procedure Text (by Elyana)

Materi Bahasa Inggris Kelas 9 Semester Gasal.

Video ini saya buat khusus untuk anak emtessa kelas 9F&9G 2021/2022

Jika ada materi atau penyampaian yg salah  dalam video ini mohon maaf dan tolong kasih tahu saya ya..

Thanks in advance 

Video Materi Expression of Agreement and Disagreement (by Elyana)

Materi kelas 9 semester gasal.

Video ini dibuat khusus untuk anak emtessa kelas 9F (the most Fantastic Class ever) and 9G (the most Genius Class ever) tahun 2021

Bagi yg sdh nonton video ini tolong tulis namamu di kolom komentar ya.. untuk tambahan nilai.

Jika ada materi atau penyampaian yg salah  dalam video ini mohon maaf dan tolong kasih tahu saya ya..

Thanks in advance 

Video Materi Expression of Ability

 Materi kelas 8 semester gasal.

Video ini saya persembahkan khusus untuk murid emtessa kelas 8F,G,H,I,J tahun pelajaran 2021/2022

Bagi yang sudah nonton tolong tulis namamu di kolom komentar ya..

Expression of Asking for and Giving Opinion

 

1. Pengertian Asking for and Giving Opinion

Asking (Menanyakan/meminta), Giving (Memberi), Opinion (Pendapat/Opini) Asking and Giving Opinion ialah ungkapan yang digunakan untuk menanyakan maupun memberi/ menanggapi suatu pendapat.

A. Meminta pendapat (asking for opinion)

Berikut ialah merupakan contoh frasa yang sering digunakan, yaitu:

• What do you think about…? (Bagaimana menurutmu tentang…?)
• What do you suggest…? (Apa pendapatmu…?)
• What is your opinion? (Apa pendapatmu?)
• What is your point of view? (Apa pendapatmu?)
• Have you got any thoughts on this? (Apakah kamu punya saran soal ini?)
• Do you have any views on this? (Apakah kamu punya saran soal ini?)
• Do you have any idea? (Ada saran?)
• How about…? (Bagaimana kalau…?)

B. Memberi pendapat (Giving Opinion)

• I think…. (Menurut saya)
• I think that (Aku berpikir bahwa)
• I think I like it (Aku pikir aku menyukainya)
• I personally consider …. (Saya beranggapan)
• In my opinion (Menurut Opini saya)
• I personally believe (Saya secara personal yakin)
• I tend to think that (Aku berpikir bahwa)
• It is my comment (Ini komentarku)
• In my view (Menurutku)
• As far as I know (Sejauh yang aku tau)
• From my point of view (Dari pendapatku)
• The way I see is that (Caraku melihat ini yaitu)
• My comment is (Komentarku adalah)

Terdapat tiga tingkatan untuk memberi saran. Mulai dari yang efeknya lemah hingga kuat. Berikut adalah contohnya: 

a. Lemah

• I am not sure, but… (Aku tidak yakin, tapi…)
• I could be wrong, but… (Mungkin aku salah, tapi…)
• I am no expert, but… (Bukan ahlinya, tapi…)
• I tend to think that… (Aku merasa bahwa…)
• I feel that… (Aku merasa bahwa…)
• I suppose… (Aku rasa…)

b. Sedang

• I would like to point out that… (Aku ingin menekankan bahwa…)
• In my opinion… (Saranku…)
• I honestly think that… (Sejujurnya aku berpikir bahwa…)
• I think… (Kupikir…)
• The way I see it is that… (Caraku melihatnya yaitu…)

c. Kuat

• I strongly believe that… (Aku sungguh yakin bahwa…)
• I really believe that… (Aku sungguh yakin bahwa…)
• I am convinced that… (Aku yakin bahwa…)
• I am certain that… (Aku yakin bahwa…)
• There is no doubt in mind that… (Sudah jelas bahwa…)

Contoh dialog

Contoh Dialog Asking for and Giving Opinion – 1

Situation: Trevor and Matt are discussing issues of banning smartphone in the school.

Trevor: Have you heard about our school’s plan to ban smartphones in the school?

Matt : Yeah

Trevor: What do you think about it?

Matt : Well, I think that’s fair enough.

Trevor: why do you think so?

Matt : you see… Smartphones have caused so much trouble in our class. Remember yesterday’s history class? Our teacher got very angry because was interrupt by smartphone ringing many times. This may happen again and again.

Trevor: Eh… Yea…

Matt : Another thing is… Smartphones have caused a kind of stupid competition.

Trevor: what do you mean?

Matt : you know, Everyone seems to compete to have the latest model.

Trevor: Yes, I feel that too.

Matt : So it’s a good idea if the school doesn’t allow students to use their smartphone in the school.

Contoh Dialog Asking and Giving Opinion – 2

Situation: Vidia and Ryan are arguing about smoking.

Vidia: Hi Ryan, by the way, I just don’t understand why you guys like smoking?

Ryan : Well… It’s nice you know…

Vidia: Nice? What’s nice about smoking? In my opinion, there is nothing nice about smoking; it’s dangerous for your health. And it is waste of money

Ryan : I’ve heard many times, but I don’t believe it.

Vidia: Maybe you’ll believe it when you get your lung cancer.

Contoh Dialog Asking for and Giving Opinion – 3

Situation: Maggie and Tina discussing global warming

Maggie: Tina, what do you think is the best action to reduce global warming?

Tina : I think everyone should start changing their life styles.

Maggie: What do you mean?

Tina : Well, we have to start to do what we can, to help reduce global warming.

Maggie: What do you suggest that we should do?

Tina : Well, there are lots of things that we can do. We should start saving

electricity, recycling things, using public transportation, buying and consuming as much as we need only. Basically, just save anything that we can.

Maggie: that’s a great idea. I will do that.

Contoh Dialog Asking and Giving Opinion – 4

Situation: Maggie and Tina are  discussing global warming

Maggie: Tina, what do you think is the best action to reduce global warming?

Tina : I think everyone should start changing their life styles.

Maggie: What do you mean?

Tina : Well, we have to start to do what we can, to help reduce global warming.

Maggie: What do you suggest that we should do?

Tina : Well, there are lots of things that we can do. We should start saving electricity, recycling things, using public transportation, buying and consuming as much as we need only. Basically, just save anything that we can.

Maggie: that’s a great idea. I will do that.

 

Contoh Dialog Asking and Giving Opinion – 5

Situation: choosing a dress in a department store.

Naima: I love these two dresses. But I have to choose one. What do you think? Which one is suited to me?

Naomi: I think the dress which has peach color is suited to you.

Naima: really? But the blue one has a beautiful design.

Naomi: You’re right. But it seems too big to you isn’t it?

Naima: yea…

Naomi: I have an idea! Let’s find a dress which has peach color, but the design is similar to the blue one?

Naima: yeah… That’s sounds good!

Contoh Dialog Asking and Giving Opinion – 6

Situation: discussing a band’s new music album.

Hanna: Hey, dude. Have you heard that your favorite band has just released their new album?

Mike : who?

Hanna: Westlife of course.

Mike : ah.. yeah…

Hanna: what do you think about their new album?

Mike : Well, honestly the music in this album is too monotonous to me. But I appreciate to them.

Contoh Dialog Asking and Giving Opinion – 7

Situation: discussing novel

 

Diddy: I’ve just read a novel. Here…have you read this? How do you feel about this novel?

Amy : ah yeah, I think this novel is outstanding

Diddy: I think so. I believe that this novel has an interesting story.

Contoh Dialog Asking and Giving Opinion – 8

Situation: discussing new smartphone.

Milly: do you like your smartphone?

Brian: Yes. I think I got more than I expected.

Milly: why?

Brian: I just want to buy a smartphone which has 6 gigabyte of RAM. But this smartphone gives me more.

Milly: I think you’re lucky.

Brian: Yeah. I think with the price I’ve paid, got a smartphone with 10 gigabytes of RAM is very awesome.

Milly: but what do you think about the camera? Is it good?

Brian: not too bad. I got 64 megapixels for primary cameras, and its secondary camera 15 megapixels. But it is not the important point.

Milly: why?

Brian: I do not like selfie. Haha.

Contoh Dialog Asking and Giving Opinion – 9

Theme: full day school.

Emily: Hi Tom! What are you doing?

Tommy: I’m reading a newspaper.

Emily: any good news?

Tommy: I’ve just read about full day school.

Emily: so what your opinion about that?

Tommy: in my view, it is useful for Indonesian education development. Because if school time is extended until 4 or 5 PM, students can learn more. So, Indonesia’s educational ranking in the world can be increased.

Emily: Do you think like that? But how about the students? Don’t you think it is too boring for them? In school all day.

Tommy: No, If the teacher can bring class situation more fun, giving them exciting activities, so the student will enjoy their day in school.

Emily: I think you’re right

Contoh Dialog Asking for and Giving Opinion -10

Theme: Online Shopping

Martha : these days, it seems like everything is going digital. Even shopping, check in hotels and buy a train ticket. What do you think about that?

Gilbert: you’re right. I think…everything can be easier and efficient. How about you?

Martha : I think online shopping can be far less stressful than hitting the high street shop. You’re right about an efficiency. And can do shopping while doing another activity, like cooking for example.

Gilbert: Exactly. Only from your smartphone, you can get everything you need.

Contoh Dialog Asking for and Giving Opinion -11

Theme: Online Learning

Rafly : Hello Fina...how are you?

Afina : Alhamdulillah I am very well.

Rafly: what are you doing?

Afina: I'm studying now.

Rafly: I'm sorry for disturbing you.

           what do you think about online

           learning?

Afina: I think, it's very boring

           I can't focus during online learning.

           it's more comfortable to study at

           school.

           How about you ?

Rafly: I think so, However, we have to go

           through this for the sake of our 

           salvation.

Afina:  all right. 

Rafly: I hope this pandemic will end soon

           so that we can study at school

           again.

Afina : I hope so.

Rafly : Oh... I have to join a zoom  

            meeting now. 

            I'll call you back later. 

            Wassalamu'alaikum wr.wb

Afina : Ok, Wa'laikumsalam wr.wb.

Latihan soal:

Choose the correct answer!

1. Jake: Rose, what do you think of my chocolate cake?

Rose: It’s so delicious! I really love this cake!

Jake: I’m so pleased

In the dialogue, Jake is…

A. Giving advice

B. Asking for an opinion

C. Requesting for gift

D. Giving baker cake

2. Damar: … our English class is so fun and very interesting.
Tania: Yes, you are right I think so too. The English teacher conveys the lesson interestingly making the classroom atmosphere becomes pleasant.
A. The teacher disagree
B. Tania agree
C. I don’t like it
D. I think

3. Jamilah: I think our city is saved from the virus, so we can go around.
Ellisa: But I don’t think so,… Our city is not saved. We must stay at home at least in lock down time.
A. In my opinion
B. She forgets it
C. See you next time
D. You know it

4. Drue: May I know what do you think of my short story?
Julia: It’s a good story, but I suggest changing the title with an interesting title.
Drue: Nice opinion. Thanks, Julia.
Julia: Anytime, Drue!

From the dialogue above between Julia and Drue, Julia is…

A. Giving order

B. Asking for an opinion

C. Asking for attention

D. Giving an opinion

 

5. Bintang: After school Herman feels very tired and he gets dizzy.

Sonia: I think …. And if it’s not necessary he doesn’t leave the bed.

A. You must go to school

B. You have to take him to the hospital

C. He should lie down and have bed rest time

D. She would take rest

Tulis jawabanmu di kolom komentar ya..

Video Materi Stating Purpose by Elyana

 Materi kelas 9 Semester Gasal.

Video ini saya buat khusus untuk murid saya siswa emtessa kelas 9F dan 9G TP 2021/2022.

Bagi anak-anak emtessa especially 9F,G yang sudah nonton video ini tolong kerjakan soal yang ada di video dan tulis jawabanya di kolom komentar ya...

If you have any questions, please let me know..

Procedure Text (Materi dan soal)

 1. Definition of procedure text 

Procedure text is a text that explain how to make/do/use something 

Procedure text adalah suatu jenis teks yang menjelaskan cara membuat/melakukan/menggunakan sesuatu melalui serangkaian langkah – langkah.

2. Social function of procedure text

to explain how to make/do/use something 

Tujuan/fungsi sosial procedure text : untuk menjelaskan/memberi tentang langkah-langkah/ metode/ cara-cara dalam membuat, mengoperasikan, atau melakukan sesuatu.

3. Struktur teks (generic structure).

Procedure text pada umumnya memiliki struktur teks sebagai berikut:

• Goals/ aim: berisi tujuan kegiatan atau hal yang akan dilakukan atau dibuat nantinya.
• Materials/ tools: berisi bahan-bahan dan terkadang alat-alat yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat suatu barang/ melakukan suatu hal. Dalam procedure text, materials bersifat opsional atau tidak selalu ada.
• Steps: serangkaian langkah-langkah atau tips yang harus dilakukan.
• Conclusion/ result: berisi hasil akhir dari apa yang telah dikerjakan sesuai dengan langkah- langkah yang dilakukan.(ini gak harus ada/opsional)

4. Unsur kebahasaan dari procedure text.

Procedure text biasanya memiliki unsur kebahasaan sebagai berikut:

• Imperative: kalimat-kalimat perintah seperti cut the vegetables, pour the water, dan lain-lain.
• Simple present tense: menggunakan kata kerja bentuk pertama (present), seperti serve, pour, place, dan lainnya.
• Action Verbs: kata kerja yang menunjukkan kegiatan fisik, misalnya mix, put, turn, dan lain sebagainya.  
• Connective of sequence: kata penghubung yang menghubungkan langkah yang satu dengan yang lainnya, seperti then, while, next, after that, dan lain sebagainya.
• Numbering: angka-angka yang menunjukkan urutan kegiatan, misalnya first, second, third, dan lainnya.

Note: 

perhatikan cara menyebutkan ukuran/takaran dgn tambahan huruf s.

Misal :  1sendok gula: a spoon of sugar

               2sendok gula: 2spoons of sugar

               1gelas air : a glass of water

               2gelas air: 2 glasses of water

Kosakata yg sering dipakai dlm membuat minuman:

Prepare: siapkan/menyiapkan

Take: ambil/mengambil

Boil : didihkan/mendidihkan

Pour : tuangkan/menuangkan

Put ... into : masukkan .. ke dalam/ memasukkan...ke dlm

Add : tambahkan/menambahkan

Mix : campurkan/mencampurkan

Stir : aduk/mengaduk

Serve : sajikan/menyajikan

into: ke dalam

A spoonful of sugar: 1 sendok penuh gula

2 spoonfuls of sugar : 2sendok penuh gula

Teaspoon : sendok teh

Tablespoon ; sendok makan

Glass : gelas

Cup : cangkir

Plate : piring

Bowl : mangkuk

Conjunction (kata penghubung)yg sering dipakai dalam procedure text:

Next : selanjutnya

Then : kemudian

After that : sesudah itu

Finally : akhirnya/yg terakhir

Numbering

First; pertama

Second: kedua

Third:ke3

Contoh procedure text:

HOW TO MAKE A CUP OF COFFEE

MATERIALS AND INGEDIENTS :

 - 2 spoons of sugar

 - one spoon of coffee powder

 - hot water

 - a cup

 - a spoon

PROCEDURE :

1. Prepare two spoons of sugar, a cup, hot water, one spoon of coffee powder, a spoon.

2. Put one spoon of coffee powder into the cup.

3. Pour some hot water into the cup.

4. Add 2 spoons of sugar into a cup of coffee

5. Stir it well and the hot coffee is ready to drink

How to make Warm Tea

Materials and Ingredients:

Glass

Spoon

Tea Bag

Sugar

Warm Water.

Steps: 

First, take the glass then give warm water into it.

Put a tea bag into glass with warm water.

Dowse and pull the tea bag until the color of the water turnss red

put 2 teaspoons of sugar. But, if you do ot like sweet, you can use 1 teaspoon.

Stir the tea with slowly to make the sugar and the water mixed.

Finally, Your warm tea can be enjoyed

Artinya

Cara membuat Teh hangat

Alat dan bahan :

Gelas

Sendok

Teh celup/teh kantong

Gula

Air hangat

langkah-langkah:

Pertama, ambillah sebuah gelas kemudian memberikan air hangat ke dalamnya .

Letakkan teh kantong dalam gelas dengan air hangat .

 

Celupkan dan tarik teh kantong sampai warna air menjadi merah

Masukkan gula sebanyak 2 sendok teh. Tapi , jika Anda tidak suka manis, Anda bisa menggunakan 1 sendok teh saja.

Aduk teh dengan perlahan untuk membuat gula dan air dicampur .

Akhirnya, teh panas anda dapat dinikmati.

How to make Iced Tea

Materials and Ingredients:

a cup

a spoon

a teabag

Sugar

Warm Water.

Ice

Steps: 

First, take the cup then give warm water into it.

Put a teabag into the cup until the water turns  red.

Put 2 teaspoons of sugar into the cup.

Stir the tea repeatly to make the sugar and the water mixed.

Make it sure that the sugar has been mixed, then you can give the ice into the cup of tea.

Finally, your iced tea can be enjoyed

You can enjoyed with some snack like fried banana or etc.

Artinya

Cara Membuat Es Teh

Alat dan bahan :

Cangkir

Sendok

teh

gula

Air Hangat

es

langkah-langkah:

Pertama, ambil cangkir kemudian tuangkan air hangat ke dalamnya.

Masukan 1 kantong teh celup ke dalam cangkir itu sampai air menjadi merah.

Masukkan 2 sendok teh gula ke dalam cangkir.

Aduk teh itu berulang ulang untuk membuat gula dan air bercampur.

Yakinkan bahwa gula telah tercampur, maka Anda dapat memberikan es ke dalam secangkir teh.

Akhirnya, es teh dapat dinikmati.

Anda dapat menikmati dengan beberapa makanan ringan seperti pisang goreng atau lain-lain.

HOW TO MAKE A CUP OF COFFEEMaterials and Ingredients:
 2 spoons of sugar
 one spoon of coffee powder
 hot water
 a cup 
 a tablespoon

Steps:
- First, prepare two tablespoons of sugar, a cup, hot water, one tablespoon of coffee powder, and a tablespoon.
- Second, put one spoon of coffee powder into the cup.
- Third, pour some hot water into the cup.
- Next, add 2 spoons of sugar into a cup of coffee
- Finally, stir it well and the hot coffee is ready to drink

How to make a glass of milk

You need to prepare:

• a glass
• a spoon
• two spoonfulls of powder or liquid milk
• hot water

After you prepare all materials needed, now do the following steps :

• First, put two spoonfulls of milk into a glass.
• Second, pour the hot water into the glass.
• Third, stir well

Now, you may enjoy your milk.

How to Make a Glass of Milo/Energen/Whitecoffe

You need to prepare:

a glass

a spoon

a sachet of milo/energen/coffeemilk

hot water

After you prepare all materials needed, now do the following steps :

First, put a sachet of milo/energen/coffeemilk into a glass.

Second, pour the hot water into the glass.

Third, stir well

Now, a glass of hot milo/Energen/whitecoffee is ready to drink

Latihan soal:

Choose the correct answer !

How to Make Bregedel Tempe

 

The ingredients:

• 150 g tempe

• 1 tablespoon flour
• 1 egg
• 1 spoon Royco
• 1 cup vegetable oil for frying

Here are the instructions:

1. Mash the tempe with a fork.
2. Put the mashed tempe in a bowl and mix with the flour and Royco, followed by an egg.
3. Shape the tempe into the size of a golf ball and flatten a little with a fork.
4. Heat the vegetable oil in a medium flame. When the oil is hot, drop the tempe into the oil, five or six at a time.
5. Fry until golden brown on both sides, drain on absorbent paper and serve hot with chili or sauce.

 

A. Choose the best answer based on the text above!

1.Which statement is TRUE about the instruction?

A. We need the big fire to make oil become hot.

B. We ought to drop the tempe around ten or twelve at a two times.

C. We fork to flatten the shape of tempe.

D. We fry the tempe before golden brown.

 

2. What is the main ingredient of the bregedel tempe?

A. Tempe

B. Bregedel Tempe

C. Tempe and Egg

D. Tempe, flour and Royco

 

3. When we add the egg in making bregedel tempe?

A. Between we mask the tempe and shape the tempe.

B. After we shape the tempe and before we mask the tempe.

C. Before we shape the tempe and mix the tempe with Royco.

D. While we shape the tempe.

 

4. What is the Generic Structure of the text?

A. Goal – Equipment – Steps

B. Goal – Materials – Resolution

C. Goal – Materials – Steps

D. Goal – Ingredients – Resolution

 

5. What is the social fuction of this text?

A. To inform the readers about Bregedel Tempe.

B. To retell about Bregedel Tempe.

C. To describe about Bregedel Tempe

D. To describe about how to make Bregedel Tempe

 

6. The language feature of this text is. . .

A. PresentTense

B. Past Tense

C. Imperative

D. Gerund

 

7. “Fry until golden brown on both sides, drain on absorbent…” (last line)

The underlined word has the closest meaning to. . .

A. Flat

B. Plate

C. Dry

D. Getter

 

 Latihan soal:

Choose the correct answer!

How to Make Flannel Rose Ring

 

Ingridients

1. Red Flannel around 10×10 cm
2. Scissors
3. Glue

The ways:

1. Cut round the flannel about 5×3 cm and make spiral in it.
2. Glue each side of spiral flannel.
3. Twist it from central until the end (look like a rose).
4. Cut the flannel in a rectangle (the size depend on your finger).
5. Put the rose in a rectangle and glue it.
6. Flannel rose ring is ready to wear.

 

B. Choose the best answer based on the text above!

8. Which statement is NOT TRUE about the instruction?

A. We must glue the rose in rectangle to get the ring.

B. The biggest the finger means the more flannel that needed.

C. All people have the same size of rectangle to make the ring.

D. We make a rectangle after we make a rose form.

 

9. We need flannel . . . to make rose ring for twice.

A. Less than 10x10cm

B. Only 10x10cm

C. About 10x10cm

D. More than 10x10cm

 

10.What should we do after we cut round the flannel?

A. Glue each side of the flannel

B. Cut it in spiral form

C. Twist from the central until the end

D. Put the rose in a rectangle and glue it.